The life cycle of a butterfly has four main stages egg, larva (caterpillar), pupa (chrysalis), and adult butterfly. It starts when a female butterfly lays eggs on a leaf. These eggs hatch into caterpillars, which spend their time eating leaves and growing quickly. After reaching full size, the caterpillar forms a chrysalis, where it undergoes a tra

Vaccines help protect our bodies from harmful diseases by training the immune system to recognize and fight specific germs. When a vaccine is given, it contains weakened or inactive parts of a virus or bacteria that do not cause illness but teach the immune system to respond quickly if the real infection appears. This helps prevent people from gett

Writing systems are methods of visually representing language and ideas. The earliest known writing dates back over 5,000 years to ancient Mesopotamia, where people used symbols called cuneiform to record information. Around the same time, ancient Egyptians developed hieroglyphics, a writing system that combined pictures and symbols. Over centuries

Sleep is essential for keeping the brain healthy and working properly. During sleep, the brain processes information from the day, stores memories, and clears out waste products that build up while we're awake. Getting enough rest helps improve concentration, learning, and decision-making. Without enough sleep, people may feel tired, forgetful, and